2020임용영어4 영미문학Q-Skill 1-2월

 

 

영국 문학사

 

Unit 1. Old English Literature 고대 영문학

 

(from about A.D. 600 to about 1100)

 

(1) Beowulf: written in old English language, called Anglo-Saxon

 

(7C) 앵글로 색슨어

 

the first English epic

 

The name of its author is unknown. (anonymous)

 

no rhyme, alliteration

 

paganism and Christianism

 

The old language cannot be read now except by those who have made a special study of it. Among the critics who cannot read Old English there are some who are unkind to the poem, but Beowulfhas its own value. It gives us an interesting picture of life in those old days. It tells us of fierce fights and brave deeds, and of the speeches of the leader and the sufferings of his men. It describes their life in the hall called Haorot, the terrible creatures that they had to fight, and their ships and travels. They did not enjoy it much, but they bore it well.

 

Things are described indirectly and in combinations of the words (Kenning). A ship is not only a ship : it is a sea-goer, a sea-boat, a sea-wood, or a wave floater. A sailor is a sea traveller, a seaman, a sea-soldier. Even the sea (sae) itself may be called the waves, or the sea streams, or the ocean-way. Therefore, if the poet wants to say that ‘the ship sailed away’, he may say that ‘the ship, the sea-goer, the wave-floater, set out, started its journey and set forth over the sea, over the ocean-streams, over the waves slowly’. In Old English poetry, descriptions of sorrowful events or cruel situations are commoner and in better writing than those of happiness.

 

 

 

Unit 2. Middle English literature 중세 영문학

 

(from about 1100 to about 1500)

 

 

 

(1) Geoffrey Chaucer, The father of English poetry

 

Canterbury Tales(about 1387) - General Prologue

 

Whan that Aprille with his shoures swote

 

The droghte of Marche hath perced to the rote

 

When April with his sweet shower

 

has struck to the roots the dryness of March

 

A party of pilgrims agree to tell stories to pass the time on their journey from London to Canterbury with its great church and grave of Thomas à Becket. There are more than twenty of these stories, mostly in verse, and in stories we get to know the pilgrims themselves. Most of them, like the merchant, the lawyer, the cook, the sailor, the ploughman, and the miller, are ordinary people, but each of them can be recognised as a real person with his or her own character.

 

One of the most enjoyable characters, for example, is the Wife of Bath. By the time she tells her story we know her as a woman of very strong opinions who believes firmly in marriage (she has had five husbands, one after the other) and equally firmly in the need of manage husbands strictly. In her story one of King Arthur’s knights must give within a year the correct answer to the question ‘What do women love most?’ in order to save his life. An ugly old witch knows the answer (‘To rule’) and agrees to tell him if he marries her. At last he agrees, and at the marriage she becomes young and beautiful.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Waste Land (1922) byT.S. Eliot (1888–1965)

 

I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD

 

APRIL is the cruellest month, breeding

 

Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing

 

Memory and desire, stirring

 

Dull roots with spring rain.

 

Winter kept us warm, covering 5

 

Earth in forgetful snow, feeding

 

A little life with dried tubers.

 

Summer surprised us, coming over the Starnbergersee

 

With a shower of rain; we stopped in the colonnade,

 

And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten, 10

 

And drank coffee, and talked for an hour.

 

Bin gar keine Russin, stamm’ aus Litauen, echt deutsch.

 

And when we were children, staying at the archduke’s,

 

My cousin’s, he took me out on a sled,

 

And I was frightened. He said, Marie, 15

 

Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.

 

In the mountains, there you feel free.

 

I read, much of the night, and go south in the winter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2) Sir Thomas Malory

 

Morte D’Arthur(Death of Arthur) (1485)

 

* an important Middle English prose work, romance

 

 

 

* search for Holy Grail, courtly love, the code of the comitatus,

 

 

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